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ELECTRICITY
1 CYLINDRICAL CONDUCTOR WITH ELECTRIC PENDULUMS
2 ELECTRIC CARILLON
3 CAVENDISH-BECCARIA ELECTRIC HOLLOW GLOBE
4 LIGHTNING-CONDUCTORS
5 LEYDEN JARS
6 BATTERY OF NINE LEYDEN JARS
7 LUMINOUS LEYDEN JAR
8 LANE'S MICROMETRICAL SPARK GAP WITH LEYDEN JAR
9 FRANKLIN'S BATTERY
10 EPINOUS'S CONDENSER
11 DISCHARGER
12 DISCHARGER
13 ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGER WITH DOUBLE FORK
14 MASCART'S INSULATORS
15 VOLTA'S PISTOL
16 VOLTA'S PISTOL (2 PIECES)
17 PITH-BALL AND GOLD LEAF ELECTROSCOPES
18 BOHNENBERGER'S ELECTROSCOPE
19 BOHNENBERGER'S ELECTROSCOPE
20 PELTIER'S ATMOSPHERIC ELECTROMETER
21 PELTIER'S ATMOSPHERIC ELECTROMETER
22 HENLY'S ELECTROMETER
23 ELECTROSTATIC BALANCE
24 THOMSON-MASCART'S QUADRANT ELECTROMETER
25 WINTER'S PLATE ELECTRICAL MACHINE
26 ACCESSORIES OF THE WINTER'S MACHINE
27 SPIRAL FULMINATING TUBE
28 HOLTZ'S ELECTROSTATIC INFLUENCE MACHINE
29 ELECTROSTATIC MACHINE WITH SELF-EXCITATION TOPLER-VOSS
30 POTASSIUM BICHROMATE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
31 NOBILI'S PORTABLE GALVANOMETER
32 ASTATIC GALVANOMETER
33 MELLONI'S THERMOMULTIPLIER
34 UNIVERSAL MEASURING DEVICE, MOVING COIL TYPE
35 AMPERE'S APPARATUS
36 MAGNETIC SPARKLER
37 INSTRUMENTS OF NOBILI'S "ELECTROMAGNETIC BOX"
38 BARLOW'S WHEEL [1]
39 SMALL CONTAINER WITH TWO VERTICAL WIRES [2]
40 SMALL CONTAINER WITH TWO HORIZONTAL WIRES [3]
41 FARADAY'S DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS CIRCUIT [4]
42 DEVICE FOR SHOWING THE DIRECTIVE ACTION OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD ON VERTICAL CURRENTS
43 DEVICE FOR SHOWING THE CONTINUOUS ROTATION OF A MOVING CIRCUIT BY MEANS OF A FIXED CIRCULAR CURRENT
44 MATTEUCCI'S SPIRAL PLATES INDUCTION DEVICE
45 LITTLE MEDICAL INDUCTION COIL WITH MANUAL CONTACT-BREAKER (WHEEL TYPE)
46 LITTLE MEDICAL INDUCTION COIL WITH HAMMER-BREAKER (HORSESHOE-SHAPED ELECTROMAGNET TYPE)
47 INDUCTION COIL
48 INDUCTION COIL WITH PLATINUM AND MERCURY CONTACT-BREAKERS
49 INDUCTION COIL WITH SPARK GAP AND FOUCAULT CONTACT-BREAKER
50 INDUCTION COIL
51 DE LA RIVE INDUCTION COIL
52 BOURBOUZE'S ELECTROMOTOR
53 CLARKE'S MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINE
54 MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINE FOR ELECTROTHERAPY
55 VOLTAIC ARC WITH MANUAL ADJUSTMENT
56 ELECTRIC EGG
57 DE LA RIVE'S ELECTRIC EGG
58 GENERAL VIEW OF THE EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE WITH DEVICES FOR ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION
59 RIGHI'S THREE SPARKS OSCILLATOR
60 COUPLE OF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER TELEPHONES WITH WHISTLE CALLING
61 FOUR TELEPHONES BELL-TYPE
62 TWO TELEPHONES BELL-TYPE
63 RIGHI'S TELEPHONE RECEIVER
64 RIGHI'S MICROPHONE
65 PNEUMATIC TELEGRAPHS (DIAL TYPE)
66 SKINWIRE FOR TELEGRAPHIC LINES
67 MORSE'S RECORDING TELEGRAPH WITH KEY

OUR COLLECTION OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS

ELECTRICITY




Ampère's apparatus Banco di Ampère
Subject: electromagnetism/electrodynamic action among mobile circuits with flowing current Settore: elettromagnetismo/azioni elettrodinamiche tra circuiti mobili percorsi da correnti
Number of catalogue: 254 Numero di inventario: 254
Engraved on the mahogany base: "Secretan à Paris" Sulla base di mogano: "Secretan a Paris" [inciso]
1865 [document] Periodo di costruzione: 1865 [documento]
Mahogany, brass, copper Materiali utilizzati: Mogano, ottone, rame

300 X 200 X 405 [mm]

Dimensioni: 300 x 200 x 405 [mm]
   
The historical origin of this instrument is linked to the discovery, made in 1820 by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851). He observed that a wire through which current passes influenced the motion of a magnetic needle placed near it. Based upon this discovery, the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836), in a short time and at a frenzied pace, carried out a number of famous and brilliant experiments in which he reversed the first speculative interpretations of the phenomenon. This had been interpreted in the framework of the Romantic "Naturphilosophie" in terms of "electric conflict". In order to make those experiments he used a device he had created, which demonstrated the mutual interaction of currents passing in mobile circuits of varying forms. In February 1821 Ampère had already commissioned the famous mechanician Nicolas Costant Pixii (1776-1861) to build his famous "banco", which was equipped with several accessories. The results of his experimental work carried out between the end of 1820 and the year 1825 were codified in the famous memoir [1] of 1827 in which he supplied a complete mathematical theory of the electrodynamic interactions that were related to Newton's central forces. He also unfolded his famous hypothesis on the electric origin of magnetic forces.
Storicamente questo pezzo ebbe origine dalla scoperta, avvenuta nel 1820, del fisico danese Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851), secondo cui un filo percorso da corrente influenzava il moto di un ago magnetico posto nelle sue vicinanze. Partendo da tale fatto, il fisico francese André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836), in breve tempo e con un'attività frenetica, realizzò una serie di celebri e brillanti esperienze sperimentali in cui ribaltava le prime interpretazioni speculative del fenomeno, formatesi nell'ambiente della "Naturphilosophie" romantica in termini di "conflitto elettrico". Per realizzarle si servì di un apparato da lui stesso inventato che mostrava l'interazione reciproca di correnti passanti in circuiti mobili di varia forma. Già nel febbraio del 1821 Ampère aveva fatto costruire il suo famoso "banco", corredato da numerosi accessori, dal celebre meccanico Nicolas Costant Pixii (1776-1861). I frutti del suo lavoro sperimentale intrapreso tra la fine del 1820 e il 1825 furono codificati nella famosa memoria [1] del 1827 in cui egli forniva una completa teoria matematica delle interazioni elettrodinamiche ricondotte a forze centrali newtoniane ed esplicava la sua famosa ipotesi sull'origine elettrica delle forze magnetiche.
   
Description: A mahogany base with four feet supporting two brass columns, each of which has two brass sheets, placed horizontally one upon the other and which terminate with two containers for mercury. A pair of screw rheophores, which are placed at the base of the two brass columns, electrically supplies the mercury tanks. The "banco" is provided with four mobile copper circuits of varying forms , and each of them is able to rotate freely on a pair of points that are immersed in the mercury tanks.
Descrizione: una base in mogano con quattro piedini sostiene due colonne d'ottone, ciascuna recante orizzontalmente due lastre in ottone allineate l'una sopra l'altra e terminanti con due vaschette per il mercurio. Una coppia di serrafili a vite, posizionati alla base delle due colonne d'ottone, provvede ad alimentare elettricamente i pozzetti di mercurio. Il banco è provvisto di quattro circuiti mobili in rame di varia forma, ciascuno in grado di ruotare liberamente su una coppia di punte che pescano nel mercurio dei pozzetti.
   
Function: By connecting the rheophores with the terminals of an electric pile, the "banco" permits the highlighting of the electrodynamic action among mobile circuits with flowing current or the mutual action of parts of the same circuit. The device, which was originally provided with additional metal circuits, presently has a pair of rectangular frames, an astatic frame (which is not subject to the action of the earth's magnetic field) and a solenoid, which is able to orientate itself, when electric current flows, in the direction of the earth's magnetic field.
Funzionamento: collegando i serrafili con gli estremi di una pila elettrica, il banco permette di evidenziare le azioni elettrodinamiche tra circuiti mobili percorsi da corrente o l'azione reciproca di parti di uno stesso circuito. L'apparecchio, che originariamente era dotato di un più ricco numero di circuiti metallici, ha oggi una coppia di telai rettangolari, un telaio astatico (che si sottrae all'azione direttice della terra) ed un solenoide in grado di orientarsi, al passaggio della corrente elettrica, nella direzione del campo magnetico terrestre.
   
Bibliography: Marco [1883], vol. II, pp. 204-205, 211-213; Mantovani [1994], pp. 56-57.
Bibliografia: Marco [1883], Vol. II, pp. 204-205; 211-213; Mantovani [1994], pp. 56-57.
   
[1] "Mémoire sur la théorie mathématique de phénomènes électrodynamiques uniquement déduite de l'experience" Paris 1827. The memoire had been published by Ampère at his own expense already in 1826 but it drew more attention when it was included in the proceedings of the Académie in 1827.
[1] "Mémoire sur la théorie mathématique de phénomènes électrodynamiques uniquement déduite de l'expérience" Paris 1827. In realtà la memoria fu pubblicata da Ampère a proprie spese già nel 1826 ma ebbe una risonanza più vasta quando fu inserita nel '27 negli Atti dell'Académie.

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